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About Mission and Outline Background Activities For Community Message from Executive Director Toward the Development of Personalized Healthcare through the Promotion of Industry-Academia Collaboration Organization and Members Department of Community Medical Supports Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department of Biobank Department of Integrative Genomics Department of Health Record Informatics Department of Education and Training Department of Public Relations and Planning General Affairs and Planning Sector Cohort Studies Sector Integrated Biobank Sector Integrated Omics Sector Group of Planning Group of Public Relations Group of Education and Training Group of Return of Genomic Results Center for Promotion of Cohort Studies Center for Health Survey Promotion Group of Brain Imaging and Research Group of Biobank Center for Biobank Utilization and Academia-Industry Partnership Group of Integrated Database Systems Group of Information Management for Genome-Cohort Study Group of Privacy Controls Group of Sequencing Group of Microarray-based Genotyping Group of Metabolomics Group of Metagenomics and Microbiome Group of Omics Data Analysis Center for Genome-Wide Association Study Office of Nihonbashi Branch Operation Center for Genome Platform Projects Policy Site Policy Social Media Policy Research Cohort Study and Biobank Community-Based Cohort Study (TMM CommCohort Study) Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study) Integrative Genomics Publications Facilities and Equipment Researchers Specimen and Data Collection Ethical Issues ToMMo's Library News Timeline sitemap links access & contact JAPANESE Large Small A A Top ResearchCohort Study and BiobankReturn of Genomic Results to Cohort Study Participants Return of Genomic Results to Cohort Study Participants As a part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank (TMM) Project Cohort Study conducted by Tohoku University and the Iwate Medical University, we extracted and sequenced DNA from blood provided by study participants. Statistical analysis was conducted on thousands of participants’ genome sequencing data, and results were provided to many researchers in various forms. These genomic results not only served to advance current medical research, but were sometimes also returned to participants in the interests of their health. However, no precedent has been set out where genomic results were returned to participants in large-scale research projects in Japan. Only a few studies in the world have done this. On this page, we will provide an overview of our project and the process of deliberation that led to our decision to return genomic results to participants. Considerations of Multiple Aspects Regarding the Return of Genomic Results One of the primary objectives of the TMM Project is to use personalized medicine and healthcare as key components of next-generation medicine. In personalized medicine and healthcare, medicine and healthcare plans are informed by and based on genomic information.The achievement of this goal is dependent on whether each individual has accurate information regarding his/her genomic profile. With this goal in mind, we decided to not completely rule out the possibility that genomic results may one day be returned to study participants if they so choose. This was outlined in the informed consent form for this project. This project was part of the reconstruction efforts in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami that occurred in 2011. After considering the fact that victims of the earthquake would constitute a portion of study cohorts, we desired to pave the way for the research to contribute its participants as much as possible. As this is the first large-scale study in Japan that returned genomic results to participants, we anticipated many challenges that needed to be overcome in order to realize this goal. Therefore, we consulted experts throughout Japan, and set out strict conditions for genomic information return under the TMM Project. In the informed consent form, we notified the participants that we would contact them with inquiries regarding whether they wish to receive their own genomic results once preparations for return have been made. In addition, we carefully specified the following four conditions that should be fully met for genomic results to be returned: 1) analytical validity, 2) clinical validity, 3) no risk of impeding the research, and 4) actionability. From the very start of the deliberations, the two universities have regarded the following conditions with the utmost importance: ・Ensuring the appropriate selection of returnable genomic information after careful consideration from multiple perspectives. ・Ensuring that the return of genomic results does not disadvantage or harm the participants receiving the information. ・Confirming that the participants wished to receive the genomic results. ・Creating avenues for participants to benefit from the genomic results, and opportunities for universities to be able to introduce such avenues to participants To pave the way for the return of genomic results, the two universities formed an interdisciplinary task force to tackle this challenging venture; a report was produced upon discussion between members. Based on this report, both universities formed a committee which consists primarily of external experts and requested the committee to examine the issue of genomic result returns. The committee convened seven times between May 2015 and March 2017, and approved the return of genomic results in the pilot study at the fourth meeting held in March 2016. The main aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the psychological impact on participants following the return of genomic results. The pilot study was approved by the Ethical Review Boards of both Tohoku University and Iwate Medical University.   Pilot Study for Return of Genomic Results After much deliberation, it was decided that the pilot study would target familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) for the following four reasons; (1) the disorder is important for health, (2) correlation between the genetic variant and prognosis of the disease has already been elucidated, (3) treatments for the disorder are available, and (4) incidence of the disorders is not so rare in general populations. Our primary targets in this pilot study were participants who already exhibited clinical symptoms. An example of one of the inclusion criteria was to either have demonstrated high blood cholesterol values from blood tests during cohort studies or have undergone past treatments. The selection process was conducted without cross-referencing the genome analysis results. Subsequently, those who participated in a lecture, and gave informed consent underwent further blood tests. As stated in our protocol, return of results to these participants occurred irrespective of whether they were associated with the pathogenic variant. This pilot study was conducted over the course of one year, with the final questionnaire sent after the return of genomic results (the fourth including those from before the return). As of May 2017, over 30 participants have received their genomic results. Following our initial trial, the return of the genomic results is underway for individual research participants who have yet to exhibit clinical symptoms. One of the results included is the influence of genomic variation on drug response (pharmacogenomics; PGx). This information could prove useful to determine the appropriate drug dose and, as a result, avoid adverse effects. Our second pilot study began in the fall of 2019; approximately 160 participants have undergone pharmacogenomic analysis of CYP2C19, NUDT15, and mitochondrial DNA1555 genes. These results will be delivered to participants alongside the information for medical institutions in April 2020. Currently, we are preparing to return the genetic information pertinent to the familial cancer syndrome germline, which might be helpful in the prevention and surveillance of this disease. Ultimately, we aim to return genomic results that encompass risks of other multifactorial diseases.   Publications The article about the design and pilot study for return of genomic results in TMM cohort study was published （July 27, 2021） About Mission and Outline Background Activities For Community Message from Executive Director Organization and Members Policy Research Cohort Study and Biobank Integrative Genomics Publications Facilities and Equipment Researchers Ethical Issues Specimen &＃038; Data Collection ToMMo's Library News Timeline access & contact sitemap links JAPANESE Large Small A A Copyright(C) Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization All Rights Reserved. sitemap access & contact About Research Ethical Issues Specimen &＃038; Data Collection ToMMo's Library News Timeline access & contact sitemap links Japanese