オンラインカジノおすすめランキング25選【オンカジ徹底比較 ...

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Expenditures under the Long-Term Care Insurance System, a public insurance program primarily for the elderly, increased from 3.6 trillion yen in fiscal 2000 (April 2000 through March 2001) to the budgeted amount of 7.7 trillion yen in fiscal 2009, more than doubling in less than 10 years.Against the backdrop of deteriorating fiscal conditions, government policy has been steered in the direction of discouraging the use of care insurance in recent years. However, for the policy to be effective, it must be firmly underpinned by an appropriate incentive mechanism at the micro level. More specifically, the diversity of the elderly population in their health and economic conditions should be considered and appropriate incentives to reduce the use of the care insurance system provided. The current government policy is geared toward preventing elderly people from falling into a condition requiring long-term care. But this approach is not backed by sufficient empirical evidence. Moreover, an important factor to look at in considering the Long-Term Care Insurance System from the micro level is the substitutive relationship between informal (family) care and formal care services under the Long-Term Care Insurance System. The availability of family care depends not only on whether the elderly person in need of care has a spouse and/or a child, but also on whether the family is able to provide care at home. Even among the elderly living alone, situations vary significantly. While there are those who are wealthy and living alone out of their own choice, there are also those who are in need of care but have no alternative but to live alone as they have no family. It should be also noted that bequests are a key incentive factor that is inseparable from the provision of family care. It is highly likely that a strategic bequest motive significantly affects the availability of family care.However, there has not been sufficient analysis to examine these points as comprehensive data that give an overall picture of the family capacity of providing care to their elderly members—i.e., their livelihood and economic conditions including inheritance prospects—have been virtually nonexistent in Japan. In our panel survey for the Japanese Study of Aging Retirement (JSTAR) project, we ask respondents to provide such detailed information as the attributes of their children and parents, the frequency of contact with them, and the actual and/or expected amounts and division of inheritance (to be) received or given away (in the case of a death of a respondent, we ask the bereaved family to answer on behalf of the respondent). Findings from our survey to date have found significant differences across regions and individuals, for instance, in the frequency of contact with children.Against the backdrop of a rapid increase in the numbers of solitary deaths and elderly persons living alone, the role of a local community as providers of long-term care has been emphasized by the government in recent years. In particular, the concept of social capital, which focuses on intangible capital such as mutual support among people and relationships of mutual trust, is drawing significant attention. Indeed, some research studies have found that when a local community is richer in social capital, its health status is better and health disparities among individuals are more modest. One of the questions in the JSTAR survey asks respondents whether they can trust the people in their local communities. Needless to say, responses to this question differ significantly between urban and rural areas. But we have also found significant differences across municipalities even among those located in rural areas. However, it is difficult to discern whether elements showing the richness of social capital—such as strong mutual trust among community members—are attributable to the characteristics of individuals or those of the community. We must find out the actual state and nature of the existing social capital by conducting in-depth analysis of micro-level data. Only then can we see a big picture of the challenge we face and how we should define the role of local communities in government policy for elderly long-term care services.>> Original text in Japanese* Translated by RIETI from the original Japanese "Yasashii Keizaigaku" column in the September 20, 2011 issue of Nihon Keizai Shimbun. September 20, 2011 Print Article(s) by this author Future of Japan's Long-term Care Insurance Program September 2, 2013［RIETI Report］ Future of Japan's Long-term Care Insurance Program July 30, 2013［Column］ More Research of Price Expectations Needed Now: Essential in enabling Japan to end deflation May 18, 2010［Newspapers & Magazines］ Probing the Issue of Health Disparities: High correlation with income and education - Policies based on the premise of homogeneity should be reconsidered September 8, 2009［Newspapers & Magazines］ Bank Recapitalization in the West - Lessons from Japan February 4, 2009［Newspapers & Magazines］ Articles Column Special Series Newspapers & Magazines FY2024 FY2023 FY2022 FY2021 FY2020 FY2019 FY2018 FY2017 FY2016 FY2015 FY2014 FY2013 FY2012 FY2011 Social Security as Viewed through Micro-data FY2010 FY2009 FY2008 FY2007 FY2006 FY2005 FY2004 FY2003 FY2002 Fellows' Works VoxEU Column From IZA Perspectives from Around the World Other Contents RIETI Report Policy Update Keizai Sangyo Journal Communications Newsletter RSS Feed Facebook X YouTube Research Areas Research Programs (FY2024-2028) Research Programs (FY2020-2023) Research Programs (FY2016-2019) Research Programs (FY2011-2015) Policy Research Domains (FY2006-2010) Projects Survey Fellows Research/Policy Papers Discussion Papers (English) Discussion Papers (Japanese) Policy Discussion Papers (English) Policy Discussion Papers (Japanese) Technical Papers (English) Technical Papers (Japanese) Non Technical Summaries List of Articles in Journals Research Digest Discussion Papers Search Publications RIETI Books (English) RIETI Books (Japanese) History of Japan's Trade and Industry Policy Authors' Words Other Publications (English) Other Publications (Japanese) Events Symposiums Workshops BBL Seminars Archived Seminar Series Data JIP Database R-JIP Database CIP Database Industry-Specific Nominal and Real Effective Exchange Rates AMU and AMU Deviation Indicators JSTAR RIETI-TID RIETI FDI Database ICPA Project Links Articles Column Special Series Newspapers & Magazines Fellows' Works VoxEU Column From IZA Perspectives from Around the World Other Contents RIETI Report Policy Update Keizai Sangyo Journal (METI Journal) About RIETI Privacy Policy Site Policy Site Map Help Contact METI Web Site Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry, IAA (JCN 6010005005426)JCN: Japan Corporate Number Opinions expressed or implied on this website are solely those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).Titles, numbers, specific names, etc. on this website are as of the date of publication. 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